Editing Wikipedia (section)

=== Research use ===
Wikipedia has been widely used as a [[text corpus|corpus]] for linguistic research in [[computational linguistics]], [[information retrieval]] and [[natural language processing]]. In particular, it commonly serves as a target knowledge base for the [[entity linking]] problem, which is then called "wikification",<ref name="wikify">{{cite conference |url=https://www.cse.unt.edu/~tarau/teaching/NLP/papers/Mihalcea-2007-Wikify-Linking_Documents_to_Encyclopedic.pdf |title=Wikify!: linking documents to encyclopedic knowledge |first1=Mihalcea |last1=Rada |first2=Andras |last2=Csomai |author1-link=Rada Mihalcea |date=November 2007 |conference=ACM [[Conference on Information and Knowledge Management]] |book-title=CIKM '07: Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM conference on Conference on information and knowledge management |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218062051/https://www.cse.unt.edu/~tarau/teaching/NLP/papers/Mihalcea-2007-Wikify-Linking_Documents_to_Encyclopedic.pdf |archive-date=February 18, 2016 |location=Lisbon; New York City|pages=233–242 |isbn=978-1595938039 |doi=10.1145/1321440.1321475 |url-status=live}}</ref> and to the related problem of [[word-sense disambiguation]].<ref name="milne witten WP usage 1">{{cite conference |chapter-url=https://www.cms.waikato.ac.nz/~ihw/papers/08-DNM-IHW-LearningToLinkWithWikipedia.pdf |chapter=Learning to Link with Wikipedia |first1=David |last1=Milne |first2=Ian H. |last2=Witten |title=Proceeding of the 17th ACM conference on Information and knowledge mining - CIKM '08 |author2-link=Ian H. Witten |date=October 2008 |conference=ACM [[Conference on Information and Knowledge Management]] |book-title=CIKM '08: Proceedings of the seventeenth ACM conference on Conference on information and knowledge management |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |location=Napa Valley, CA; New York City |pages=509–518 |isbn=978-1595939913 |doi=10.1145/1458082.1458150|citeseerx=10.1.1.148.3617 }}</ref> Methods similar to wikification can in turn be used to find "missing" links in Wikipedia.<ref name="discovering missing WP links 1">{{cite conference |chapter-url=https://staff.science.uva.nl/~mdr/Publications/Files/linkkdd2005.pdf |chapter=Discovering missing links in Wikipedia |author1=Sisay Fissaha Adafre |author2=Maarten de Rijke |title=Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Link discovery - LinkKDD '05 |author2-link=Maarten de Rijke |date=August 2005 |conference=ACM LinkKDD |book-title=LinkKDD '05: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Link discovery |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717054413/https://staff.science.uva.nl/~mdr/Publications/Files/linkkdd2005.pdf |archive-date=July 17, 2012 |location=Chicago; New York City |pages=90–97 |isbn=978-1595931351 |doi=10.1145/1134271.1134284 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2015, French researchers José Lages of the [[University of Franche-Comté]] in [[Besançon]] and Dima Shepelyansky of [[Paul Sabatier University]] in [[Toulouse]] published a global university ranking based on Wikipedia scholarly citations.<ref name=mitmining>{{cite news|title = Wikipedia-Mining Algorithm Reveals World's Most Influential Universities: An algorithm's list of the most influential universities contains some surprising entries|url = https://www.technologyreview.com/view/544266/wikipedia-mining-algorithm-reveals-worlds-most-influential-universities/|access-date = December 27, 2015|work = [[MIT Technology Review]]|date = December 7, 2015|archive-date = February 1, 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160201174817/https://www.technologyreview.com/view/544266/wikipedia-mining-algorithm-reveals-worlds-most-influential-universities/|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref name=harvardisonlymarmow>{{cite news |last1 = Marmow Shaw |first1 = Jessica |title = Harvard is only the 3rd most influential university in the world, according to this list |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/two-universities-beat-harvard-in-this-surprising-school-ranking-2015-12-09 |access-date = December 27, 2015 |work = [[MarketWatch]] |date = December 10, 2015}}</ref><ref name=wikipediarankingtimesworldunifranche>{{cite news |last1 = Bothwell |first1 = Ellie |title = Wikipedia Ranking of World Universities: the top 100. List ranks institutions by search engine results and Wikipedia appearances |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/features/wikipedia-ranking-world-universities-top-100 |access-date = December 27, 2015 |work = [[Times Higher Education]] |date = December 15, 2015}}</ref> They used [[PageRank]], [[CheiRank]] and similar algorithms "followed by the number of appearances in the 24 different language editions of Wikipedia (descending order) and the century in which they were founded (ascending order)".<ref name=wikipediarankingtimesworldunifranche /><ref>{{cite journal | title = Wikipedia ranking of world universities | author1 = Lages, J. | author2 =  Patt, A. | author3 =  Shepelyansky, D. | journal = Eur. Phys. J. B | volume = 89 | number = 69 | year = 2016 | page = 69 | doi = 10.1140/epjb/e2016-60922-0| arxiv = 1511.09021 | bibcode = 2016EPJB...89...69L | s2cid = 1965378 }}</ref> The study was updated in 2019.<ref>{{cite journal | author1 = Coquidé, C. | author2 = Lages, J. | author3 = Shepelyansky, D.L. | title = World influence and interactions of universities from Wikipedia networks. | journal = Eur. Phys. J. B | volume = 92 | number = 3 | year = 2019 | page = 3 | doi = 10.1140/epjb/e2018-90532-7| arxiv = 1809.00332 | bibcode = 2019EPJB...92....3C | s2cid = 52154548 }}</ref>

A 2017 [[MIT]] study suggests that words used on Wikipedia articles end up in scientific publications.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brookshire |first1=Bethany |title=Wikipedia has become a science reference source even though scientists don't cite it |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/blog/scicurious/wikipedia-science-reference-citations |work=ScienceNews |date=February 5, 2018 |department=SciCurious |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-date=February 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210120955/https://www.sciencenews.org/blog/scicurious/wikipedia-science-reference-citations}}</ref><ref>{{cite ssrn| first1=Neil C. |last1=Thompson |first2=Douglas |last2=Hanley |title=Science Is Shaped by Wikipedia: Evidence From a Randomized Control Trial |ssrn=3039505 |date=2017}}</ref>

Studies related to Wikipedia have been using [[machine learning]] and [[artificial intelligence]] to support various operations. One of the most important areas—automatic detection of vandalism<ref>{{cite conference |last1=Sarabadani |first1=Amir |last2=Halfaker |first2=Aaron |last3=Taraborelli |first3=Dario |title=Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion - WWW '17 Companion |author2-link=Aaron Halfaker |chapter=Building automated vandalism detection tools for Wikidata |date=April 2017 |conference= International Conference on World Wide Web Companion |book-title=WWW '17 Companion: Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |location=Perth; New York City |pages=1647–1654 |isbn=978-1450349147 |doi=10.1145/3041021.3053366 |arxiv=1703.03861}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference |last1=Potthast |first1=Martin |last2=Stein |first2=Benno |last3=Gerling |first3=Robert |title=Advances in Information Retrieval |chapter=Automatic Vandalism Detection in Wikipedia |book-title=Advances in Information Retrieval |date=2008 |volume=4956 |pages=663–668 |doi=10.1007/978-3-540-78646-7_75 |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science |isbn=978-3540786450 |editor1-first=Craig |editor1-last=Macdonald |editor2-first=Iadh |editor2-last=Ounis |editor3-first=Vassilis |editor3-last=Plachouras |editor4-first=Ian |editor4-last=Ruthven |editor5-first=Ryen W. |editor5-last=White |conference=30th [[ECIR]] |location=Glasgow |publisher=Springer|citeseerx=10.1.1.188.1093 }}</ref> and [[data quality]] assessment in Wikipedia.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Asthana |first1=Sumit |last2=Halfaker |first2=Aaron |author2-link=Aaron Halfaker |editor1-last=Lampe |editor1-first=Cliff |editor1-link=Cliff Lampe |title=With Few Eyes, All Hoaxes are Deep |journal=Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction |date=November 2018 |volume=2 |issue=CSCW |doi=10.1145/3274290 |at=21 |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |location=New York City |issn=2573-0142 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

In February 2022, [[Civil Service (United Kingdom)|civil servants]] from the UK's [[Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities]] were found to have used Wikipedia for research in the drafting of the [[Levelling up policy of the Boris Johnson government|Levelling Up]] [[Levelling Up White Paper|White Paper]] after journalists at ''[[The Independent]]'' noted that parts of the [[White paper#In government|document]] had been lifted directly from Wikipedia articles on [[Constantinople]] and the [[list of largest cities throughout history]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/levelling-up-plan-copied-wikipedia-michael-gove-b2006757.html|title=Parts of Michael Gove's levelling-up plan 'copied from Wikipedia'|last=Stone|first=Jon|date=3 February 2022|work=[[The Independent]]|access-date=3 February 2022}}</ref>