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== Alternative terms == === Queer === {{Main|Queer}} Many people have looked for a generic term to replace the numerous existing initialisms.<ref name="Sexual Identities, Queer Politi">{{cite book | last=Atkins | first=Dawn | title=Looking Queer: Body Image and Identity in Lesbian, Bisexual, Gay, and Transgender Communities | publisher=Haworth Press | year=1998 | isbn=978-0-7890-0463-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rd31TPHaxdEC | access-date=2 July 2015 | archive-date=6 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906162509/https://books.google.com/books?id=Rd31TPHaxdEC | url-status=live }}</ref> Words such as ''[[queer]]'' (an umbrella term for sexual and gender minorities that are not heterosexual, or cisgender) and ''[[rainbow flag (LGBT movement)|rainbow]]'' have been tried, but most have not been widely adopted.<ref name="Sexual Identities, Queer Politi" /><ref name="Forging Gay Identities">{{cite book | last=Armstrong | first=Elizabeth A. | title=Forging Gay Identities: Organizing Sexuality in San Francisco, 1950–1994 | publisher=University of Chicago Press | year=2002 | isbn=978-0-226-02694-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jnYy6hSdocAC | access-date=5 July 2008 | archive-date=22 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122141703/http://books.google.com/books?id=jnYy6hSdocAC | url-status=live }}</ref> ''Queer'' has many negative connotations to older people who remember the word as a taunt and insult and such (negative) usage of the term continues.<ref name="Sexual Identities, Queer Politi" /><ref name="Forging Gay Identities" /> Many younger people also understand ''queer'' to be more politically charged than ''LGBT''.<ref name="Forging Gay Identities" /><ref name="It's Your World">{{cite book | last=Halpin | first=Mikki | title=It's Your World—If You Don't Like It, Change It: Activism for Teenagers | publisher=Simon and Schuster | year=2004 | isbn=978-0-689-87448-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ud3Zzo2-VMsC | access-date=2 July 2015 | archive-date=6 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906152241/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ud3Zzo2-VMsC | url-status=live }}</ref> === SGM/GSM === {{Main|Sexual minority}} SGM, or GSM,<ref>{{cite web|last=Besanvalle|first=James|date=20 July 2018|title=Five alternative terms you can use instead of LGBT|url=https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/five-alternative-terms-instead-lgbt/|access-date=20 January 2021|website=Gay Star News|language=en-GB|archive-date=28 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128054231/https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/five-alternative-terms-instead-lgbt/|url-status=live}}</ref> an abbreviation for [[sexual and gender minorities]], has gained particular currency in government, academia, and medicine. It has been adopted by the [[National Institutes of Health]];<ref>{{cite web|title=Sexual & Gender Minority Research Office|url=https://dpcpsi.nih.gov/sgmro|access-date=23 November 2020|website=National Institutes of Health|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112015435/https://dpcpsi.nih.gov/sgmro|url-status=live}}</ref> the [[Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services]];<ref>{{cite web|title=Sexual and Gender Minority Clearinghouse|url=https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/OMH/resource-center/hcps-and-researchers/data-tools/sgm-clearinghouse|access-date=23 November 2020|website=Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services|archive-date=23 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123162325/https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/OMH/resource-center/hcps-and-researchers/data-tools/sgm-clearinghouse|url-status=live}}</ref> and the UCLA [[Williams Institute on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Law and Public Policy|Williams Institute]], which studies SGM law and policy.<ref>{{cite web|last=Park|first=Andrew|date=July 2016|title=A Development Agenda for Sexual and Gender Minorities|url=https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/publications/development-agenda-sgm/|access-date=23 November 2020|website=Williams Institute|language=en-US|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112030521/https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/publications/development-agenda-sgm/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Duke University]] and the [[University of California, San Francisco|University of California San Francisco]] both have prominent Sexual and Gender Minority health programs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Duke Sexual and Gender Minority Health Program|url=https://dukesgmhealth.org/|url-status=live|access-date=13 June 2021|website=Duke University|language=en|archive-date=13 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613110406/https://dukesgmhealth.org/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Center for Sexual & Gender Minority Health|url=https://sgmhealth.ucsf.edu/home|url-status=live|access-date=13 June 2021|website=University of California San Francisco|language=en|archive-date=13 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613110416/https://sgmhealth.ucsf.edu/home}}</ref> An NIH paper recommends the term SGM because it is inclusive of "those who may not self-identify as LGBT … or those who have a specific medical condition affecting reproductive development,"<ref>{{Citation|title=Strategic Plan to Advance Research on the Health and Well-being of Sexual and Gender Minorities|date=<!-- c. 2015 -->|url=https://www.edi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/EDI_Public_files/sgm-strategic-plan.pdf|publisher=National Institutes of Health|access-date=23 November 2020|archive-date=18 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318075832/https://www.edi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/EDI_Public_files/sgm-strategic-plan.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> a publication from the [[White House Office of Management and Budget]] explains that "We believe that SGM is more inclusive, because it includes persons not specifically referenced by the identities listed in LGBT,"<ref>{{cite web|date=August 2020|title=Updates on Terminology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Survey Measures|url=https://nces.ed.gov/FCSM/pdf/FCSM_SOGI_Terminology_FY20_Report_FINAL.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=21 June 2021|website=Federal Committee on Statistical Methodology, under the auspices of the Office of Management and Budget|archive-date=8 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608193829/https://nces.ed.gov/fcsm/pdf/FCSM_SOGI_Terminology_FY20_Report_FINAL.pdf}}</ref> and a UK government paper favors SGM because initials like LGBTIQ+ stand for terms that, especially outside the [[Global North]], are "not necessarily inclusive of local understandings and terms used to describe sexual and gender minorities."<ref>{{Citation|title=Gender and Strategic Communications in Conflict and Stabilisation Contexts|date=January 2020|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/866351/How_to_Guide_on_Gender_and_Strategic_Communication_in_Conflict_and_Stabilisation_Contexts_-_January_2020_-_Stabilisation_Unit.pdf|publisher=HM Government|access-date=23 November 2020|archive-date=1 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101050719/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/866351/How_to_Guide_on_Gender_and_Strategic_Communication_in_Conflict_and_Stabilisation_Contexts_-_January_2020_-_Stabilisation_Unit.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> An example of usage outside the Global North is the [[Constitution of Nepal]], which identifies "gender and sexual minorities" as a protected class.<ref>{{Citation|title=Constitution of Nepal|url=http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/archives/981|year=2015|publisher=Nepal Law Commission|access-date=24 November 2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930151001/http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/archives/981|url-status=live}}</ref> GSRM is also used to include romantic minorities.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Choudhuri|first1=Devika Dibya|title=Multiplicity of LGBTQ+ Identities, Intersections, and Complexities|date=2019-09-20|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429447297-1|work=Rethinking LGBTQIA Students and Collegiate Contexts|pages=3–16|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-44729-7|access-date=2021-06-09|last2=Curley|first2=Kate|doi=10.4324/9780429447297-1|s2cid=210355997}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Lapointe|first=Alicia|title=Postgay|date=2016|url=https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55425-3_21|work=Critical Concepts in Queer Studies and Education: An International Guide for the Twenty-First Century|pages=205–218|editor-last=Rodriguez|editor-first=Nelson M.|series=Queer Studies and Education|place=New York|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US|language=en|doi=10.1057/978-1-137-55425-3_21|isbn=978-1-137-55425-3|access-date=2021-06-09|editor2-last=Martino|editor2-first=Wayne J.|editor3-last=Ingrey|editor3-first=Jennifer C.|editor4-last=Brockenbrough|editor4-first=Edward}}</ref> === Rainbow === "Rainbow" has connotations that recall [[hippies]], [[New Age]] movements, and groups such as the [[Rainbow Family]] or [[Jesse Jackson]]'s [[Rainbow/PUSH|Rainbow/PUSH Coalition]]. ''SGL'' ("[[same gender loving]]") is sometimes favored among gay male [[African American]]s as a way of distinguishing themselves from what they regard as [[white people|white]]-dominated LGBT communities.<ref name="The Politics of Gay Rights">{{cite book | last1=Rimmerman | first1=Craig A. | first2=Kenneth D. | last2=Wald | first3=Clyde | last3=Wilcox | title=The Politics of Gay Rights | publisher=University of Chicago Press | year=2006 | isbn=978-1-4129-0988-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AlErV-3RpDEC | access-date=2 July 2015 | archive-date=6 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906163312/https://books.google.com/books?id=AlErV-3RpDEC | url-status=live }}</ref> === Further umbrella terms === Some people advocate the term "minority sexual and gender identities" (MSGI, coined in 2000), so as to explicitly include all people who are not [[cisgender]] and [[heterosexual]]; or ''gender, sexual, and romantic minorities'' (GSRM), which is more explicitly inclusive of [[Romantic orientation|minority romantic orientations]] and [[polyamory]]; but those have not been widely adopted either.<ref name="Bradford Uni">{{cite web | title=Welcome to the Bradford University Minority Sexual and Gender Identity Site! | publisher=Bradford Uni MSGI Society | year=2008 | url=http://lgbt.wikidot.com/ | access-date=9 September 2008 | archive-date=27 August 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827175247/http://lgbt.wikidot.com/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acronymfinder.com/Gender,-Sexual,-and-Romantic-Minorities-%28GSRM%29.html|title=GSRM - Gender, Sexual, and Romantic Minorities|publisher=acronymfinder.com|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-date=9 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009075718/http://www.acronymfinder.com/Gender,-Sexual,-and-Romantic-Minorities-%28GSRM%29.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ron-suresha/diversities-may-enrich-lgbtqiap-alphabet-soup_b_3929870.html|title='Diversities' May Enrich 'LGBTQIAP' Alphabet Soup|date=19 September 2013|work=The Huffington Post|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-date=7 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007061956/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ron-suresha/diversities-may-enrich-lgbtqiap-alphabet-soup_b_3929870.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=LGBT? LGBTQ? Queer? QUILTBAG? GSM? GSRM?|url=http://queerumich.com/post/25021141159/lgbt-lgbtq-queer-quiltbag-gsm-gsrm-whats|website=queerumich.com|publisher=[[University of Michigan]] (on [[Tumblr]])|access-date=12 March 2015|archive-date=9 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409024759/http://queerumich.com/post/25021141159/lgbt-lgbtq-queer-quiltbag-gsm-gsrm-whats|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Gender and Sexual Minority Students (LGBTIQA)|url=http://www.derby.ac.uk/campus/support/gender-and-sexual-minority-students/|publisher=University of Derby|access-date=12 March 2015|archive-date=9 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209064109/https://www.derby.ac.uk/campus/support/gender-and-sexual-minority-students/|url-status=live}}</ref> Other rare umbrella terms are [[Gender and Sexual Diversity|Gender and Sexual Diversities]] (GSD),<ref>[http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2013/02/25/organisation-proposes-replacing-the-limiting-term-lgbt-with-more-inclusive-gsd/ Organisation proposes replacing the 'limiting' term LGBT with 'more inclusive' GSD] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616231332/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2013/02/25/organisation-proposes-replacing-the-limiting-term-lgbt-with-more-inclusive-gsd/ |date=16 June 2018 }}, 25 February 2013</ref> MOGII (Marginalized Orientations, Gender Identities, and Intersex) and MOGAI (Marginalized Orientations, Gender Alignments and Intersex).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/25/gender-and-sexual-diversities-gsd-lgbt-label-_n_2758908.html|title='Gender And Sexual Diversities,' Or GSD, Should Replace 'LGBT,' Say London Therapists|date=25 February 2013|newspaper=The Huffington Post|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-date=12 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012080406/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/25/gender-and-sexual-diversities-gsd-lgbt-label-_n_2758908.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dal.ca/news/2014/08/01/pride-on-the-prowl.html|title=Pride on the prowl|work=Dalhousie News|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-date=9 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009094232/http://www.dal.ca/news/2014/08/01/pride-on-the-prowl.html|url-status=live}}</ref> === Clinical === In public health settings, ''MSM'' ("[[men who have sex with men]]") is clinically used to describe men who have sex with other men without referring to their sexual orientation, with ''WSW'' ("[[women who have sex with women]]") also used as an analogous term.<ref>Young, R M & Meyer, I H (2005) The Trouble with "MSM" and "WSW": Erasure of the Sexual-Minority Person in Public Health Discourse American Journal of Public Health July 2005 Vol. 95 No. 7.</ref><ref>Glick, M Muzyka, B C Salkin, L M Lurie, D (1994) Necrotizing [[Periodontitis|ulcerative periodontitis]]: a marker for immune deterioration and a predictor for the diagnosis of [[AIDS]] Journal of Periodontology 1994 65 p. 393–397.</ref> === MVPFAFF === MVPFAFF is an abbreviation for [[Māhū]], [[Vakasalewalewa|Vakasalewa]], {{lang|tpi|Palopa|italic=no}}, [[Fa'afafine|Fa’afafine]], [[Akava'ine|Akava’ine]], [[Fakaleitī]] (Leiti), and [[Fakafifine]]. This term was developed by [[Phylesha Brown-Acton]] in 2010 at the Asia Pacific Games Human Rights Conference.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brown-Acton|first=Phylesha|date=25 February 2020|title=Hands and feet: A reflection on Polynesian navigation—a Niue Fakafifine community practitioner perspective in Aotearoa-New Zealand|url=https://www.tekaharoa.com/index.php/tekaharoa/article/view/298|journal=Te Kaharoa|language=en|volume=15|issue=1|doi=10.24135/tekaharoa.v15i1.298|s2cid=226134097|issn=1178-6035|access-date=2 October 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205208/https://www.tekaharoa.com/index.php/tekaharoa/article/view/298|url-status=live}}</ref> This refers to those in the rainbow [[Pacific Islander|Pasifika]] community that may or may not identify with the LGBT acronym.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rainbow|url=https://www.leva.co.nz/our-work/suicide-prevention/finding-help/support-services/rainbow/|access-date=2 October 2021|website=Le Va|language=en-NZ|archive-date=2 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002023943/https://www.leva.co.nz/our-work/suicide-prevention/finding-help/support-services/rainbow/|url-status=live}}</ref>
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